SGX seeks to break LNG's price link to oil with Singapore SLInG
[TOKYO] Singapore Exchange Ltd wants to break the liquefied natural gas market's reliance on oil as a pricing peg as the city-state seeks to solidify its role as Asia's energy trading hub.
The exchange, known as SGX, plans to launch on Monday futures and swaps linked to its index of spot prices for LNG traded in Asia. Final settlement for the contracts will be determined by average weekly assessments gathered from producers, consumers and traders in the physical LNG market.
Natural gas can be supercooled and liquefied to transport it on tankers between areas difficult to link by pipeline. LNG traded in Asia - where sellers such as Qatar and Indonesia ship fuel to buyers including Japan or China - has traditionally been pegged to crude prices. That's because the region lacks a benchmark similar to Henry Hub in the US, which the country's burgeoning LNG exporters use in sales contracts.
For Singapore to become Asia's LNG pricing hub, it will need greater physical supplies and expanded storage facilities in addition to swaps and futures, according to Wood Mackenzie Ltd.
"When Singapore talks about being a pricing hub, it is talking more about being a physical hub for gas where as a buyer and seller you can put gas in and take gas out," Gavin Thompson, Wood Mackenzie's vice president for China and Northeast Asia gas and power, said in an interview. "That price for the physical commodity is then priced into the short-term spot and long-term contracts, potentially the same way Henry Hub is priced into long-term LNG contracts." While both oil and LNG prices have tumbled since 2014, a forecast decrease in global crude output in the medium-term contrasts with LNG's "tsunami" of new production, according to Adrian Lunt, an associate director of commodities at SGX. These divergent supply situations, and the growing share of LNG in global energy markets, "will likely reveal the increasingly blatant flaws" of pricing the fuel off oil, he said.
Japan's Jera Co, a joint venture between Tokyo Electric Power Co and Chubu Electric Power Co that's poised to become one of the world's biggest LNG buyers, may use the Singapore index in its term contracts, according to the company. Korea Gas Corp isn't actively using the index because its not purchasing LNG on a spot basis, according to spokesman Song Kyu Cheol.
Indian Oil Corp isn't planning to use the swaps and futures and prefers indexing its contracts to Brent, said Debasis Sen, director of planning and business development.
"Given the nascent stage of market development for LNG, the majority, if not all" of the new contracts will be traded over the counter and cleared by SGX, Lily Chia, the company's head of product management for commodities, said in an e-mail. The exchange sees SLInG - shorthand for its FOB Singapore SGX LNG Index Group- as a pricing tool for traders, financial institutions and power companies, she said.
Singapore is home to more than 25 LNG trading desks and its estimated that about 2,000 cargoes transit near the country each year, according to the company. Singapore LNG Corp, which operates the city-state's first receiving terminal, has three storage tanks at its Jurong Island facility.
"As with all new markets, it takes time to develop the necessary conditions for growth," said Chia. "These would include more spot and short-term transactions, transition to index pricing in sales and purchase contracts and a working understanding of hedging and price risk management, amongst a critical mass of market participants."
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