New 'mini-IPOs' in the US to give small investors access to start-ups

Small investors looking for a slice of young companies can for the first time begin buying stock at a start-up's earliest stages under a new provision of the Job Act that took effect on Friday. 

ST PHOTO: LIM YAOHUI FOR THE STRAITS TIMES

JUN 20, 20158:19 AM

[WASHINGTON] Small investors looking for a slice of young companies can for the first time begin buying stock at a start-up's earliest stages under a new provision of the JOBS Act that took effect on Friday.

The latest element of the 2012 law, designed to expand small businesses' access to capital, sets the stage for so-called"mini-IPOs." Companies seeking up to US$50 million can test the waters, gauge interest among a wider range of investor, and ultimately file for an initial public offering with relatively fewer hurdles.

For entrepreneurs, it's an alternative to hunting down venture capital, relying on crowdfunding or holding a full-fledged IPO. For consumers, it opens early-stage stock purchases to more than just wealthy accredited investors: those whose net worth is more than US$1 million or who made more than US$200,000 in each of the previous two years.

The process is still lengthy: Companies must disclose two years of audited financials - or for younger companies, as many as they have - and management has to undergo bad-actor checks. And for the smallest IPOs, those less than US$20 million, sign-offs are required from every state in which a deal is marketed.

The process could cost up to US$100,000, a sizeable amount for a fledgling company. "This really isn't set up for the true start-up, the guy in his garage who just invented the cool widget," said Kendall Almerico, an attorney and JOBS Act expert in Alexandria, Virginia. "This is for the guy in his garage who invented the cool widget, started the company ... started to get a little traction, and now wants to take it to the next level."

The law kicks in just as the once red-hot US IPO market has cooled. After topping out in 2014 at a 14-year high of US$93.6 billion in proceeds on 276 deals, data from Thomson Reuters Deals Intelligence shows IPO proceeds are down by more than half so far in 2015 and deal volume is off by 42 per cent.

Few expect mini-IPOs to make much of a dent, at least at first. "I don't think it will make that much of a difference," said Francis Gaskins, president of IPO research firm IPOPremium.com in Marina del Ray, California.

"You have IPOs above US$50 million, that's a different category," Mr Gaskins said. "Below US$50 million, you have a lot of crowdfunding going on. This will just fill that gap." Other hindrances include substantial lead time and the fact that stocks of small companies are thinly traded, on average.

Still, the potential is sizeable given that it opens the door for start-up investing to 240 million more Americans, said Ryan Fiet, CEO of SeedInvest, an investment platform in New York previously only open to accredited investors. "It will take time for this to ripple through."

REUTERS